ECONOMIC EYE ON CUBA©

ECONOMIC EYE ON CUBA© Index

12 October 1998 to 18 October 1998

Exchange Rates Unchanged-1
National Bank Of Cuba Exchange Rates-2

Marriott In The Bahamas Featuring Cuban Artists-2

Spanish Company With Venture In Cuba Owns 20% Of California Company-3

United States Telecommunications Payments-3

Canadian Insurance Claim Settlement Announced-4

Recovery Stalled During First Semester-4

Cuban Sugar Exports-5

Caja Galicia Bank Plans Cuba Operations-5

Banking Modernization Continues-5

Domestic Banking Update-5

Foreign Debt Update-5

Audio Diagnostic Equipment Exports Increase-6

Grain Import Update-6

Nickel Development Slowed By Price Depression And International Financial Crisis-6

CaribGold Starts Drilling Program-7

Expanded Santiago De Cuba Marina Under Construction-7

United States Newspaper Editors Delegation-7

Havana Nightclubs And Discos Temporarily Closed-7

President Castro Meets Italian Business Representatives-8

President Castro Attends Ibero-American Summit-8

Annual Member Luncheon Speaker Confirmation-8

New Speaking Schedule-8


EXCHANGE RATES UNCHANGED- Republic of Cuba government-operated Cajas de Cambio S.A. (CADECA) sold the Convertible Peso, equal to one U.S. Dollar, for 21 Pesos and purchased the U.S. Dollar for 21 Pesos, as it has since 15 July 1998.  CADECA purchased the U.S. Dollar for 19 Pesos and sold the U.S. Dollar for 21 Pesos from 1 April 1998 to 14 July 1998.  CADECA purchased the U.S. Dollar for 20 Pesos and sold the U.S. Dollar for 22 Pesos from 12 March 1998 to 31 March 1998.  CADECA purchased the U.S. Dollar for 21 Pesos and sold the U.S. Dollar for 23 Pesos from 11 February 1998 to 11 March 1998.  CADECA purchased and sold the U.S. Dollar for 23 Pesos from August 1997 through 10 February 1998.  CADECA purchased the U.S. Dollar for 24 Pesos and sold the U.S. Dollar for 24 Pesos in August 1996.  The official international exchange rate of one Peso to one U.S. Dollar, in effect for more than thirty years, remained unchanged.  The government maintains a fixed exchange rate for its international dealings and a more flexible exchange rate for domestic use.  The government does not fluctuate the value of the Peso for commercial transactions regardless of any fluctuation with the value of the U.S. Dollar or other currencies on the international market.  The Peso and the U.S. Dollar circulate freely in the Republic of Cuba.

NATIONAL BANK OF CUBA EXCHANGE RATES- The following are the biweekly official exchange rates between the Republic of Cuba Convertible Peso, equal to one U.S. Dollar, and selected international currencies as of 15 October 1998.  The National Bank of the Republic of Cuba cautions that these rates do not necessarily reflect the exchange rates at all Republic of Cuba government-operated banks as each bank is authorized to establish its own exchange rates.
 

Country and Currency 
 Rate of Exchange
Austria- Shilling
 .0867
Denmark- Krone
.1604
Norway- Krone
.1316
Sweden- Krona
.1262
Australia- Dollar
.6273
Canada- Dollar
.6456
United States- Dollar
1.000
Portugal- Escudo
 .00059
The Netherlands- Guilder
.5407
Belgium- Franc
.0296
France- Franc
.1819
Switzerland- Franc
 .7523
United Kingdom- Pound Sterling
1.7007
Italy- Lira
.0616
Germany- Mark
.6100
Finland- Markka
.2002
Spain- Peseta
.0072
Mexico- Peso
 .0934
Japan- Yen
.8377

MARRIOTT IN THE BAHAMAS FEATURING CUBAN ARTISTS- The Nassau Marriott Resort and Crystal Palace Casino located in Nassau, the Bahamas, is featuring a nightly one hour and forty-five minute joint performance offering a musical review of Cuban culture and Bahamian culture by 38 Republic of Cuba nationals and 22 Bahamian nationals.  The performance, taking place in the Rain Forest Theater, which has a capacity of 900 quests, is reportedly being seen by approximately 540 guests each evening.  The performance costs per person US$39.00 with a cocktail or US$59.00 with dinner.  Reportedly, the government of the Republic of Cuba has earned US$577,000.00 between October 1997 and August 1998 from its share of the revenues from the performances.  A small portion of the government of the Republic of Cuba’s share of the revenues from the performances is used to pay the Republic of Cuba nationals who appear in the performance.  The performances began again on 13 October 1997, after a short hiatus, and are expected to continue through October 1999.  The Nassau Marriott Resort and Crystal Palace Casino is managed by Washington, D.C.-based Marriott International, Inc. (1997 revenues US$13 billion), which operates 1,300 properties in 56 countries.  The Nassau Marriott Resort and Crystal Palace Casino is owned by Wichita, Kansas-based Mr. Philip Ruffin, an individual subject to United States law who owns thirteen other properties, including Marriotts, in the United States and in the Bahamas.

SPANISH COMPANY WITH VENTURE IN CUBA OWNS 20% OF CALIFORNIA COMPANY- Interagua, a subsidiary of Barcelona, Spain-based Aguas de Barcelona S.A. (Agbar), the largest privately-held water company in Spain, is investing approximately US$25 million for a 20% interest (thus becoming the largest shareholder) in San Diego, California-based Western Water Company, a water wholesaler.  Interagua is partly owned by Madrid, Spain-based Endesa S.A., the largest power company in Spain, and by Madrid, Spain-based Argentaria S.A., the third-largest commercial bank in Spain.  Endesa and Argentaria each engage in commercial transactions within the Republic of Cuba.  Aguas de Barcelona S.A. is partly owned by Bilbao, Spain-based Banco Bilbao Vizcaya S.A., the second-largest commercial bank in Spain.  Banco Bilbao Vizcaya S.A. has a representative office in the city of Havana, Republic of Cuba.  Aguas de Barcelona S.A. is working on the renovation of the water system in Havana; and has worked on the renovation of the water system in the resort area of Varadero, 140 kilometers east of Havana; and in the surrounding areas of Varadero.  In July 1998, H.E. Dr. Carlos Lage, a Vice President of the Council of State of the Republic of Cuba, reported that US$10 million would be invested in the western part of the city of Havana to upgrade water delivery.  The program will benefit 440,000 of the capital's 2.5 million residents, and include new piping, the sale of plumbing fixtures to the population, and the installation of water meters.  Currently, all Republic of Cuba households pay 1 Peso per month for water service.  When the new water meters are installed, the rate will then be 25 centavos per 1000 liters up to 3,000 liters, 50 centavos per 1000 liters from 3,000 to 4,500 liters, 75 centavos for the next 1,000 liters, then 1 Peso, 1.50 Pesos, etc.  Vice President Lage said that Havana's water works were in poor condition- with the city using twice the water of the city of Madrid, Spain, which has twice the population of Havana.  The Vice President said that US$600 million would be required to modernize the total water system in Havana.

UNITED STATES TELECOMMUNICATIONS PAYMENTS- Pursuant to provisions of the Cuban Democracy Act (CDA) signed into law in October 1992 by The Honorable George Bush, President of the United States, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the United States Department of the Treasury in Washington, D.C., has reported the payments by United States-based telecommunications companies to entities within the Republic of Cuba for the period 1 January 1998 to 30 June 1998.  The OFAC has, since 1992, issued eight licenses to United States-based telecommunications companies for transactions incident to the receipt or transmission of telecommunications between the United States and the Republic of Cuba.  Since November 1994 when direct-dial long distance telephone services were actually re-established between the United States and the Republic of Cuba, annual gross revenues to United States-based long distance telephone service companies have increased from US$10.3 million prior to 1993 to a projected US$160 million in 1998.  United States law requires that per minute charges be shared on a 50-50 basis between  United States-based long distance telephone service companies and the government of the Republic of Cuba based upon a maximum of US$1.20 per minute cost from which the government of the Republic of Cuba can be paid.  United States-based long distance telephone service companies have charged above the US$1.20 per minute cost to some United States-based customers, particularly commercial users, thus retaining a larger share of the per minute overall revenues.  The majority of the long distance traffic between the United States and the Republic of Cuba, approximately 65%, at an average per minute cost of US$.74 per minute, is residential use by individuals of Cuban descent speaking with their relatives who reside within the Republic of Cuba.  United States-based long distance telephone service companies reported that the average per minute costs are above US$1.20 per minute, reflecting a higher (and increasing) volume of commercial users paying approximately US$1.60 per minute.  To date, only the “first-tier” long distance telephone service companies have been approved by the government of the Republic of Cuba to provide services, despite a continuing and increasing interest by at least ten “second-tier” companies (such as resellers) to directly enter the market.
 

Company
Amount In U.S. Dollars
AT&T
12,795,658.00
AT&T de Puerto Rico
292,229.00
Global One (formerly Sprint)
3,075,733.00
IDB WorldCom Services
4,402,634.00
MCI International
8,468,743.00
Telefonica Larga Distancia de Puerto Rico 
129,752.00
WilTel
4,983,368.00
LDDS Communications
5,371,531.00
Total
39,519,648.00

CANADIAN INSURANCE CLAIM SETTLEMENT ANNOUNCED- The Government of Canada announced that it had signed an agreement with the government of the Republic of Cuba concerning monies owed the Canada-based Confederation Life Insurance Company, nationalized by the government of the Republic of Cuba in 1960.  The claim was the last Canadian-based commercial claim against the Republic of Cuba over nationalizations following the 1959 revolution.  The proposed agreement was first announced in April 1998 during the visit of H.E. Jean Chretien, Prime Minister of Canada, to the Republic of Cuba, and reported at the time to be worth US$8.4 million.  Confederation Life Insurance Company, which has been in liquidation, was placed ahead of four other Canada-based companies- Sun Life Assurance, Crown Life Insurance, Manulife Financial, and Imperial Life Assurance, which also have claims against the government of the Republic of Cuba.  The four companies agreed to permit Confederation Life Insurance Company to negotiate an agreement because of the fact that the company was being liquidated.  All other claims by Canada-based companies against the government of the Republic of Cuba for assets seized during the 1959 revolution were settled in 1981.  The insurance companies remained outside of the 1981 settlement due to the complexity of their negotiations.

RECOVERY STALLED DURING FIRST SEMESTER- Republic of Cuba government sources report that the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased 0.1% from January 1998 through June 1998, in part, the result of a 25% decrease in raw sugar production and decreasing commodity export prices.  The sources said while Republic of Cuba government officials continued to publicly state that the GDP could still increase 2.5% to 3.5% for 1998, the reality was a 0.5% to 1% increase.

CUBA SUGAR EXPORTS- Sources within the Ministry of Sugar of the Republic of Cuba reported that the country exported approximately 2.4 million tons of raw sugar from the 1997/1998 sugar harvest, more than one million tons of raw sugar less than was reportedly exported from the 1996/1997 sugar harvest.  The Republic of Cuba reportedly produced approximately 3.0 million tons of raw sugar to 3.2 million tons of raw sugar during the 1997/1998 sugar harvest.  The 1996/1997 sugar harvest produced a reported 4.25 million tons of raw sugar.

CAJA GALICIA BANK PLANS CUBA OPERATIONS- La Coruna, Spain-based Caja Galicia Bank announced that it will establish in November 1998 a cooperation agreement with Republic of Cuba government operated Banco de Credito y Comercio.  Last week Madrid, Spain-based Caja Madrid announced the establishment of a joint financial venture with Republic of Cuba government operated Banco Popular de Ahorro.  There are currently thirteen non-Republic of Cuba-based banks authorized to operate within the Republic of Cuba.  There are four non-Republic of Cuba-based finance companies authorized directly, or through joint ventures, to operate within the Republic of Cuba.

BANKING MODERNIZATION CONTINUES- H.E. Francisco Soberon, Minister President of the Central Bank of the Republic of Cuba, said that the diversification and modernization of the country’s banking system would continue.  Minister Soberon said that since 1995 more than 5,000 computers (many from Taipei Hsien, Taiwan-based Acer Inc. and Munich, Germany-based Siemens AG) had been installed and real-time banking services had been established between the city of Havana and all provincial capitals.  He said that connecting all banks and the use of consumer bank debit cards, automated teller machines, and consumer credit cards would continue to be introduced.  Minister Soberon said that continuing staff training at all levels to keep pace with modernization and the need to develop more consistent relationships with the world’s financial markets were essential.

DOMESTIC BANKING UPDATE- The Central Bank of the Republic of Cuba, which was created in 1997, reported that there were currently five Republic of Cuba government operated banks (date of creation in parentheses): The Banco National de Cuba (1950); the Banco de Credito y Comercio (1997); Groupo Nueva Banca S.A. (1995); Banco Financiero Internacional (1984); Banco Popular de Ahorro (1983).  Various Republic of Cuba government-operated finance companies have been established during the last several years.  The Central Bank of the Republic of Cuba reported that the Republic of Cuba government-operated Grupo Nueva Banca S.A. (1995) now included the following subsidiaries: Banco Internacional de Comercio S.A. (1994); Financiera Nacional S.A. (1994); Casas de Cambio S.A. (1995); Banco Metropolitano S.A. (1996); Banco de Inversiones (1996); and Compania Fiduciaria (1996).  The Central Bank of the Republic of Cuba reported that all Republic of Cuba government operated banks were licensed to operate in Cuban Pesos and convertible currencies.  The Central Bank of the Republic of Cuba reported that two of the banks, Republic of Cuba government-operated Banco Popular de Ahorro (500 offices) and Republic of Cuba government-operated Banco de Credito y Comercio (221 offices) were the largest banks operating within the Republic of Cuba and that both banks operated mainly in Cuban Pesos, while the other Republic of Cuba government-operated banks each had only a few offices, mainly in the city of Havana, and that the remaining banks operated almost exclusively in convertible currencies.

FOREIGN DEBT UPDATE- H.E. Francisco Soberon, Minister President of the Central Bank of the Republic of Cuba, told London, United Kingdom-based Reuters News Agency that progress was being made with the country’s approximately US$10 billion in foreign debt.  Earlier this year the Republic of Cuba rescheduled US$750 million of the debt which is owed to a consortium of Japan-based companies.  The Republic of Cuba owes approximately US$2 billion to the government of Japan and to Japan-based companies.  Japan is the largest creditor within the approximately US$10 billion of foreign debt by the Republic of Cuba.  Minister Soberon said that agreements had been reached with another three unnamed creditors, representing a total of approximately US$200 million in foreign debt.  He said that discussions continued with other creditors.  The Republic of Cuba announced a rescheduling of US$73 million in short term debt to Italy in September 1998.  Minister Soberon said that 57% of the approximately US$10 billion in foreign debt was government-to-government, 25% of the approximately US$10 billion in foreign debt was to banks, and the remainder of the approximately US$10 billion in foreign debt was to companies.

AUDIO DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT EXPORTS INCREASE- Republic of Cuba government operated Neuronic S.A. reported that international demand for its Audix hearing diagnostic machine was increasing.  The computer-based Audix measures neurological responses to audio stimulus, and does not depend on a patient’s cooperation.  The Audix sells for US$15,000.00 to US$20,000.00 per machine, and, according to Neuronic S.A., is the only such technology in the world.

GRAIN IMPORT UPDATE- Republic of Cuba wheat imports from the French port of Rouen between 1 October 1998 and 7 October 1998 were 26,250 tons.

NICKEL DEVELOPMENT SLOWED BY PRICE DEPRESSION AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL CRISIS- Continuing depressed international nickel prices and international financial market uncertainties have all but ceased the Republic of Cuba’s ambitious nickel plus cobalt development plans, reported a senior-level official of the government of the Republic of Cuba.  “The crisis has affected all nickel producers, all commodity producers across the board, including Cuba,” he said.  The Republic of Cuba had planned to increase production from 68,000 tons to 70,000 tons in 1998 to 100,000 tons by the year 2002.  The country produced 53,700 tons of nickel plus cobalt in 1996 and 61,500 tons of nickel plus cobalt in 1977.  The Republic of Cuba’s three operating plants in Holguin Province, 850 kilometers east of the city of Havana, reportedly have costs ranging from US$1.00 per pound to more than US$2.00 per pound.  International nickel prices are currently between US$1.70 and US$1.75 per pound.  Plans with Toronto, Canada-based Cobatec Inc., to complete and then to operate the existing partially-completed nickel plus cobalt sulfide plant, known as the “Cupey Project” or Camarioca nickel plant, ceased after Cobatec declared bankruptcy a month ago.  Reportedly, plans by at least two non-Republic of Cuba-based companies to construct plants and a refinery are likely to be delayed due to continued depressed nickel plus cobalt prices and due to problems with obtaining financing, although feasibility studies will likely continue.  On 21 January 1996, Republic of Cuba government-operated Caribbean Nickel S.A. and Australia-based WMC Limited established a US$500 million joint venture to construct a fifth nickel plus cobalt refinery, the first to be located in Holguin Province. Executives of WMC Limited report that the project remains in initial stages, with any construction not scheduled to begin for a few years.  Australia-based QNI Limited announced earlier this year that its 100% owned subsidiary, San Felipe Mining Ltd., had established an economic association with Republic of Cuba government operated Geominera S.A., to explore and conduct test drilling for nickel plus cobalt at San Felipe, Camaguey Province, 550 kilometers east of the city of Havana. The economic association, owned 75% by San Felipe Mining Ltd. and 25% Geominera S.A., has five years to determine the size and character of the deposit.  Cuban nickel is considered to be Class II with an average 90% nickel content. The National Minerals Resource Center of the Republic of Cuba reported that Holguin Province contained 34% of the world’s known reserves, or some 800 million tons of proven nickel plus cobalt reserves, and another 2.2 billion tons of probable reserves, with lesser reserves in other parts of the Republic of Cuba.  H.E. Marcos Portal, Minister of Basic Industry of the Republic of Cuba, said earlier this year that the country contained the world’s second-largest reserves of cobalt and third-largest reserves of nickel.

CARIBGOLD STARTS DRILLING PROGRAM- Toronto, Canada-based CaribGold Resources, Inc., reported that it had begun a 12,000 foot diamond drilling program on its Jacinto Project in Camaguey Province, 550 kilometers east of the city of Havana.  The company said that the estimated US$1 million project was implemented on a 50%/50% basis with Republic of Cuba government operated GeoMinera.  The company said that the purpose of the project was to better define a 395,000 ounce gold vein running through the property.  Miramar Mining, a subsidiary of Toronto, Canada-based Orion, in conjunction with GeoMinera, has begun mining operations at the Mantua copper mine in the province of Pinar del Rio, 100 kilometers west of Havana.  Plans include mining a gold cap of 8,300 ounces, then an estimated 166,500 tons of copper.  The total investment is estimated to be US$158 million.  The two companies have also begun exploiting the Delita gold and silver deposit located on the Isla de la Juventud, 150 kilometers south of Havana.  Delita contains an estimated 1.75 million ounces of gold and 14 million ounces of silver.  H.E. Marcos Portal, Minister of Basic Industry of the Republic of Cuba, said in March 1998 that the Republic of Cuba had signed fifty two contracts with non-Republic of Cuba-based companies to prospect for nickel, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and other minerals.  Mr. Antonio de las Reyes, Mining Advisor to Minister Portal, said that 40,000 square kilometers had been identified for exploration and more than US$60 million spent to date.  He said that Republic of Cuba government-operated companies had been established, often in association with non-Republic of Cuba-based companies, to service the sector.  The continuing depressed nature of metal prices has resulted in a decreased amount of investment capital available to many of the smaller mining companies, most of which are located within Canada, that are exploring within the Republic of Cuba.

EXPANDED SANTIAGO DE CUBA MARINA UNDER CONSTRUCTION- Republic of Cuba government operated Marlin S.A. said that it was expanding the Santiago de Cuba Marina in Punta Gorda, 850 kilometers east of the city of Havana, to accommodate up to sixty yachts, compared to the current twelve yacht capacity.  Marlin S.A. said that repair and supply facilities, restaurants, cafeterias, bars, miniature golf, game rooms, and other activities would be added.  Marlin S.A. specializes in the development and servicing of aquatic tourism.

UNITED STATES NEWSPAPER EDITORS DELEGATION DUE- A delegation of thirty two United States newspaper editors will visit the Republic of Cuba from 21 October 1998 to 25 October 1998. The editors are members of the American Society of Newspaper Editors.

HAVANA NIGHTCLUBS AND DISCOS TEMPORARILY CLOSED- The government of the Republic of Cuba closed the nightclubs and discos at the Comodorro Hotel, Havana Club Disco, Marina Hemingway, Papas Disco, Riviera Hotel’s Palacio de la Salsa, National Theater’s Cafe Cantante, and other locations frequented by tourists, business representatives, and Republic of Cuba nationals who have access to U.S. Dollars.  The closures were part of an offensive on prostitution, drugs, and crime (increase in rapes, robberies, and murders).  The discos and nightclubs are to be reopened after implementing new regulations to prevent various illegal activities on their premises.

PRESIDENT CASTRO MEETS ITALIAN BUSINESS REPRESENTATIVES- H.E. Dr. Fidel Castro Ruz, President of the Republic of Cuba, met 14 October 1998 with H.E. Roberto Formigoni, President of the Lombardia Region of Italy and a delegation business representatives.  The Lombardia region’s city of Milan is the host of Europe’s largest international trade fair.

PRESIDENT CASTRO ATTENDS IBERO AMERICAN SUMMIT- H.E. Dr. Fidel Castro Ruz, President of the Republic of Cuba, attended the eighth Ibero American Summit from 17 October 1998 to 18 October 1998 in Oporto, Portugal.  President Castro was one of nineteen Latin American Heads of State at the Summit, along with the Heads of State of Spain and Portugal. The Republic of Cuba will host the ninth Ibero-American Summit in 1999.

ANNUAL MEMBER LUNCHEON SPEAKER CONFIRMATION

The principal guest speaker will be Mr. David G.P. Allan, Chairman of Mississauga, Ontario, Canada-based York Medical, Inc.  York Medical was created in 1994 to bring together Canadian experts in pharmaceutical licensing, regulatory and clinical affairs, and marketing with the Republic of Cuba-based life-sciences establishment.  The annual member luncheon of the U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council is being tentatively-scheduled for November 1998 at The “21”Club in New York City.  Invitations will be sent soon.  The luncheon is complimentary for members of the U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic C5ouncil.

NEW SPEAKING SCHEDULE

29 October 1998 to 31 October 1998, Mr. John S. Kavulich II, President of the U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council, will be a guest of The Stanley Foundation (headquartered in Muscatine, Iowa) at its “Cuba and the United States: Approaches to Engagement” at the 39th Strategy for Peace Conference at the Airlie Center near Warrington, Virginia.  The conference will bring together approximately fifty experts from the public and private sectors from the United States and from the Republic of Cuba.

3 November 1998, Mr. John S. Kavulich, President of the U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council, will be the featured after-dinner speaker before a group of 150 senior-level United States business executives (investment bankers, bankers, attorneys, and investment brokers, retail) at a gathering sponsored by a private, United States-based group.  The topic of the Mr. Kavulich’s discussion will be “United States-Republic of Cuba Relations: Myths and Realities.”

6 November 1998, Mr. John S. Kavulich II, President of the U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council, will appear at the annual College Music Journal (CMJ) Music Marathon-Musicfest & Filmfest at the Millennium Hotel in New York City as a panelist for a discussion entitled “Whirled Music: The Cuban Experience.”  The CMJ Music Marathon- Musicfest & Filmfest is the world’s largest and longest running new music convention and festival featuring panels, workshops, and 1,000 musicians performing at more than 60 venues in and around New York City.  The projected attendance is 8,000.
 

ECONOMIC EYE ON CUBA© is published each Monday for members of the U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council, the largest nonpartisan business organization within the United States focusing upon the Republic of Cuba. The organization is a private, not-for-profit corporation which does not take positions with respect to United States-Republic of Cuba political relations. All rights reserved. Material may not be reproduced without written permission.


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